内孔结构对旋转空化发生器水力特性的影响

空化普遍存在于工业生产、舰船推进、航空航天等领域.使用高速相机对闭式循环试验台的旋转空化发生器内部流动进行试验观测，然后基于RNG k ε湍流模型和Zwart Gerber Belamri空化模型开展了旋转空化发生器流场的数值模拟.结果表明数值模拟结果与试验观测数据吻合较好，验证了本文数值模拟方法的准确性和可靠性.受离心力作用，转子孔内的压力从内径到外径逐渐增大.内孔底部由于轴向旋涡的作用，产生较大旋涡并耗散能量.内孔顶部流体与腔体区主流相互作用，在内孔顶侧产生碰撞并形成较小漩涡.不同内孔结构对旋转空化发生器的空化效果具有重要影响，在相同工况下椭圆形内孔的空化率小于圆锥形和圆柱形，说明型线光滑的内孔结构局部损失小，产生的空化较弱.不同内孔结构下，旋转空化发生器内部压力脉动的主频为转频fi或24fi(对应圆周方向开孔排数)，压力脉动最大幅值出现在进口管侧和出口管侧，主要原因是受动静干涉作用影响.     

Fast spacecraft solar radiation pressure modeling by ray tracing on graphics processing unit

A novel method is presented to evaluate on the graphics processing unit (GPU) the force and torque on a spacecraft due to solar radiation pressure. The method employs efficient ray tracing techniques, developed in the graphics rendering discipline, to resolve spacecraft self-shadowing and reflections at faster than real-time computation speed. The primary algorithmic components of the ray tracing process which contribute to the method’s computational efficiency are described. These components include two-level bounding volume hierarchy acceleration data structures, fast ray to bounding box intersection testing using the slab intersection algorithm and fast triangle intersection testing using the Möller-Trumbore algorithm. Spacecraft material optical properties are represented as a combination of Lambertian diffuse and ideal specular reflections. Both diffuse and specular ray-surface interactions are modeled. The approach is implemented using C++ and OpenCL and executed on a consumer grade GPU. Model validation is presented comparing ray traced force and torque values to the same quantities produce by a faceted analytic model. Numerical results illustrate the impact of self-shadowing on the force and torque calculation, and demonstrate the fast computational speed that is enabled with this implementation.     

回流燃烧室流动特性试验

为了揭示有/无燃烧状态下燃烧室热态和冷态流场的特征和流动特性，针对某型回流燃烧室单头部试验件，使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV），测量燃烧室燃烧状态下不同截面处的热态流场，以及没有燃烧状态下不同截面处的冷态流场，探讨不同总压损失系数对回流燃烧室热态/冷态流场特征及流动特性的影响。研究表明:随着总压损失系数的增大，冷态条件下各截面流场结构基本保持不变，如射流孔穿透深度、射流角度、回流区位置及大小、流线等基本保持一致，但是各位置点速度大小逐渐增大。热态条件下各截面流场随着总压损失系数增大，流场结构也基本保持不变；相同总压损失系数时，热态流场与冷态流场存在差异，燃油喷射与气流的相对运动将会对燃烧室头部的流场结构造成影响，速度较冷态流动时略微增大。      

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

液体火箭发动机推进剂泵诱导轮与离心轮的匹配

为获得诱导轮离心轮周向匹配的时序效应对离心泵外特性以及压力脉动的影响规律，阐释相关作用机制，采用基于分离涡仿真（DES）的离心泵三维全流道数值仿真方法，引入熵产理论以及压力脉动强度系数等先进分析方法对不同匹配角度下离心泵内能量损失机制及压力脉动特性进行了研究。结果表明：离心轮诱导轮的时序效应对泵外特性有一定的影响，随着匹配角度的增加，扬程和效率均呈现先减小后缓慢增大的趋势，扬程变化为0.8%，效率变化为1.2%，其影响机制由不同匹配角度下叶轮通道分离涡、叶轮叶片尾迹以及靠近隔舌处扩压器通道回流涡变化决定；时序效应对离心轮扩压器动静干涉效应影响显著，当诱导轮叶片尾缘位于离心轮相邻主叶片中间位置时，能够有效消除3倍频成分，显著降低泵内压力脉动水平，其中动静干涉区域以及隔舌处扩压器叶片表面压力脉动平均降幅分别达到14.5%和16.7%。     

基于Ansys Fluent的近场翼尖涡数值模拟与分析

为了进一步研究飞机远场尾涡,提供网格分配及湍流模型的参考,并为整机模拟提供必要的参考依据,通过基于Ansys Fluent的数值模拟方法,研究了NACA0012机翼的近场翼尖涡流场,采用有限体积法求解不可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,其中雷诺应力项分别以S-A和Realizable k-ε模型封闭,模拟了近场翼尖涡卷起的过程,分析了机翼表面压力以及涡核参数,包括轴向涡量、涡核位置、涡核粘性等,并与风洞实验结果进行了对比。结果分析表明:基于局部O-网的六面体网格,RKE模型要优于S-A模型,与实验值更为吻合。     

基于预置动压的高超声速飞行器上升段轨迹设计

针对高超声速飞行器燃料最省上升轨迹的研究问题,为实现高超声速飞行器的燃料最省上升轨迹快速求解,对定动压情况下高超声速飞行器上升段轨迹特性进行了研究分析,给出了定动压情况下高超声速飞行器燃料最省上升轨迹的快速反解方法,总结分析了不同定动压下的上升轨迹特性,并在此研究的基础上提出了基于预置动压的高超声速飞行器上升段轨迹设计方法。该方法可以通过设计燃料最省的动压曲线,反解出该预置动压下的上升轨迹参数,得到一条近似燃料最省最优解的轨迹。仿真结果表明,经过解算得到的上升轨迹结果与高斯伪谱法得到的最优上升轨迹结果基本相似。     

基于ALE法的水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能分析

水陆两栖飞机的着水性能是体现其综合性能的重要因素之一.应用ALE法对三种水陆两栖飞机船体截面进行入水仿真计算,从着水载荷、喷溅性能及运动响应三个方面对着水性能进行综合评估.对比分析了直线型、带舭弯弧形、复合型三种构型截面在不同速度、不同重量下的压力分布、喷溅性能以及运动响应,得到了三种截面横向压力分布规律.计算结果显示相同状态下,喷溅性能复合型优于带舭弯弧形、带舭弯弧形优于直线型;过载复合型远大于带舭弯弧形,带舭弯弧形稍大于直线型,综合看来带舭弯弧形截面着水性能最佳.     

卫星AIT阶段推进系统压力参数处理方法

在双组元推进系统管路中,高压气路、氧路、燃路分别装有一个压力传感器,通过压力传感器的遥测参数获取相应管路中压力情况。文章以某双组元卫星为例给出整星装配、总装与测试（AIT）阶段卫星推进系统压力参数处理方法,为卫星压力参数的纵向数据比对提供判读依据。通过该方法可以间接检查相应管路的气密性。